Generic Battery Model based on a Parametric Implementation

Batteries are a common element used in many electronic applications. Therefore, the analysis and simulation of these applications requires a battery model in order to validate the behavior of the whole system. Since batteries are based on different technologies, a modeling approach valid for any technology is a potential good alternative. Since there are similarities among the different technologies, it is possible to address the modeling of batteries as generic energy storage elements with particular differences. This work presents a battery model valid for different technologies based on a parametric implementation

Selection of the appropriate winding setup in planar inductors with parallel windings

The use of parallel windings in high frequency planar inductors is a common practice. Since the planar technology, commonly PCB layers, limits the maximum layer thickness, the use of parallel windings is usually required in order to reduce the current density and losses. The distribution of the current through each parallel winding depends on the winding positioning and the frequency effects. This effect is especially important in gapped inductors, because the energy stored in the gap region determines the current distribution through the windings. Therefore, the winding positioning is a critical task in order to obtain a balanced current distribution through all the parallel winding

Automatized connection of the layers of planar transformers with parallel windings to improve the component behavior

Transformers with parallel windings are commonly used to reduce the losses in the windings. Windings losses depend on the winding positioning and the frequency effects because each winding affects the current sharing of itself and the neighboring windings. In this paper a methodology for determining the connections of the parallel windings that reduces the power losses (and temperature) in the windings of multi-winding transformers is presented. Other applications of the method, such as balanced current sharing and voltage drop reduction are also explored. In this paper a methodology for determining the connections of the parallel windings that reduces the power losses (and temperature) in the windings of multi-winding transformers is presented. Other applications of the method, such as balanced current sharing and voltage drop reduction are also explored

Power losses calculations in windings of gapped magnetic components

A model is proposed for the calculation of the winding losses at the beginning of the design process of high frequency transformers and inductors. Although this kind of losses have been subject of investigation for years, their analytical calculation in gapped components is still limited, and the use of numerical analysis tools, such as finite elements analysis (FEA) tools, are commonly needed for winding characterization. A general 2-D equivalent analytical model for windings losses calculation in gapped magnetic components that shows very good results compared with FEA calculation is presented. The model can be integrated in design and optimization tools in order to evaluate the influence of the gap on the windings at the very early stages of the design process

Simple analytical approach for the calculation of winding resistance in gapped magnetic components

The Dowell expression is the most commonly used method for the analytic calculation of the equivalent resistance in windings of magnetic components. Although this method represents a fast and useful tool to calculate the equivalent resistance of windings, it cannot be applied to components that do not fit with classical 1D assumption, which is the case of gapped magnetic components. These structures can be accurately analyzed using finite-element analysis (FEA) with the time cost that this represents. Modifying the Dowelĺs equation, and taking advantage of the orthogonality between skin and proximity effects, a simple solution that allows its application in gapped magnetic components is proposed in this work, which results shows a very good accuracy compared with experimental measurements

Review and Comparison of Step-Up Transformerless Topologies for Photovoltaic AC-Module Application

This paper presents a comprehensive review of stepup single-phase non-isolated inverters suitable for ac-module applications. In order to compare the most feasible solutions of the reviewed topologies, a benchmark is set. This benchmark is based on a typical ac-module application considering the requirements for the solar panels and the grid. The selected solutions are designed and simulated complying with the benchmark obtaining passive and semiconductor components ratings in order to perform a comparison in terms of size and cost. A discussion of the analyzed topologies regarding the obtained ratings as well as ground currents is presented. Recommendations for topological solutions complying with the application benchmark are provided

Power losses calculations in windings of gapped magnetic components: The i2D method applied to flyback transformers

The improved 2-D equivalent analytical calculation method to estimate conductive losses in gapped magnetic components in a wide range of frequencies is extended to the calculations of conduction losses in flyback transformers. The i2D method, that is applicable to power inductor, is extended is extended to the winding loss calculation in gapped transformers, such as flyback transformers, by means of harmonic decomposition of the current though the windings that allows the proximity field calculation and, afterward, the estimation of the losses in the windings

DC/DC Converter Parametric Models for System level Simulation

The objective of this work is to propose a whole solution for simulating power systems based on the use of behavioral DC/DC converter models. The proposed model is a generic model whose parameters can be obtained from data sheets (especially useful to model commercial converters) or equivalent tests. The model has configurable features which can be activated or disabled in order to perform optimal simulations or to generate models with different levels of abstraction to be used in a top-down design methodology

Modeling and Simulation Requirements for the Analysis and Design of DC Distributed Power Electronics Systems

The objective of this paper is to establish which are the requirements of the component models in a distributed power system in order to satisfy the necessities of the system architect. Based on the information that will help the designer to make the right decision for its architecture and the selection of their components, different levels of modeling will be required for each simulation. The paper also shows the implication of the modeling approach on the requirements for the simulator and the description language

Differential-mode EMI reduction in a multiphase DCM flyback converter

Switched converters are a source of electromagnetic interference (EMI) due to the hard switching and abrupt edges in the current and voltage waveforms. Multiphase converters can reduce the EMI at the source, minimizing the conducted EMI generation, without changing dramatically the normal operation of the circuit. Input filter can be greatly reduced, radiated EMI is lower, and internal EMI problems are minimized. This paper is focused on exploring multiphase converters as a topological technique to reduce conducted differential-mode EMI generation at the source, considering some no idealities of the multiphase converter